IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1- LH surge is responsible for
a-Ovulation
b- Spermatogenesis
c- Oogenesis
d- Fertilization
2- Spermiogenesis is
a- Transformation of spermatozoa into spermatids
b- Transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa
c- Both are incorrect
d- A is correct while b is incorrect
3- What is the role of polar bodies
a-Maintain the number of chromosomes in the ootid
b- Prevent polyspermy
c- Release progesterone
d- All of these
4- Test tube baby implies which of the following techniques?
a- IUT
b- ICSI
c- ZIFT
d- All of these
5- Which of these can be used to cure infertility in couples where the male partner has a very low sperm count?
(a) IUD
(b) GIFT
(c) IUI
(d) None of these
6- Which part of the female is mainly involved in the tubectomy?
a- Fallopian tube
b- Endometrium
c- Myometrium
d- Vagina
7- Following statements are given regarding MTP.
(i) MTPs are generally advised during the first trimester
(ii) MTPs are used as a contraceptive method
(iii) MTPs are always surgical
(iv) MTPs require the assistance of qualified medical personnel
Choose the correct option.
(a) (ii) and (iii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (ii)
8- Sterilization techniques are generally very effective methods of contraception with the least side effects. Yet, this is the last option for the couples because
(i) It is almost irreversible
(ii) the misconception that it will reduce sexual urge
(iii) it is a surgical procedure
(iv) of lack of sufficient facilities in many parts of the country
Choose the correct option.
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
9- Identify the name/ names of the scientists who rediscovered Mendel’s work.
a- Hugo DeVries
b- Carl Correns
c- Tschermak
d- All of these
10- What is the karyotype of Klinefelter’s Syndrome and Turner’s syndrome?
a- 45 X0
b- 47 XYY
c- 47 XXY
d- 45 XXY
11- Which of the following represents the XO type of sex determination?
a- Grasshopper
b- Lizard
c- Huma
d- Earthworm
12- Write the Dihybrid cross ratio when self-cross is carried out between two heterozygous gametes.
a- 1:2:1
b- 9:3:3:1
c- 1:1:1:1
d- None of these
13- For which types of reproduction Mendel’s laws of inheritance are applicable?
a- Asexual Reproduction
b- Sexual Reproduction
c- Both asexual and sexual reproduction
d- None of these
14- By which method detection of hybridized DNA fragments is possiblea-
Electrophoresis
b- Southern blotting
c- Northern blotting
d- Autoradiography
15- Who invented methodologies of automatic DNA sequencing and Lac operon?
a- Sanger
b- Jeffry
c- Nicholson
d- Both a and b
16- Give the name of commonly used vectors in the human genome project.
a- BAC
b- YAC
c- Both a and b
d- None of these
17- What is the basic approach adopted as a methodology in HGP?
a- ESTs
b- Splicing
c- Tagging
d- Emasculation
18- met tRNA met is an example of of –
a- AUG
b- GUG
c- Activated tRNA
d- Activated mRNA
Define spermiogenesis. Where does it occur?
Ans: The transformation of non-motile spermatids into motile spermatozoa is called spermiogenesis. It occurs inside the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
Name the cells which produce testosterone. What is the function of this hormone?
Ans: Interstitial cells (Leydig’s cells) of the testis secrete the testosterone hormone. Function. They control secondary sexual characters.
Name the embryonic stage which gets implanted in the uterine wall of a human female.
Ans: blastocyst stage
Differentiate between Sertoli cells and Leydig cells concerning their location in the organ
and their function.
Ans: Sertoli cells are the nutritive cells present inside seminiferous tubules. They provide nourishment to the male germ cells.
Leydig cells are present outside the seminiferous tubules in the interstitial spaces, they secrete androgens
Expand ICSI.
Ans: Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection.
Expand ZIFT and IUT. How these are different from each other?
Ans: ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer) – it is the transfer of the zygote or early embryos (with up to 8 blastomeres) into the fallopian tube.
IUT– intra uterine transfer- in this Embryo with more than 8 blastomeres is transferred into the uterus
What are STDs? Give five examples of STDs and also suggest ways to prevent them.
Ans: Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Examples- HIV-AIDS, Gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydiosis, genital warts, trichomoniasis, and hepatitis B.
Ways to prevent-
(i) Avoid sex with unknown partners/multiple partners.
(ii) Always use condoms during coitus.
(iii) In case of doubt, one should go to a qualified doctor for early detection and get complete treatment if diagnosed with the disease
Differentiate between co-dominance and incomplete dominance.
Ans: Co-dominance –condition when phenotypes of all the alleles are expressed.
Incomplete dominance- When both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed and produce an intermediate phenotype, such phenomenon is called incomplete dominance
What are inducers in lac operon, give two examples of inducers.
Ans: inducer binds with repressor protein so that they can’t bind on operator gene.
Example- Lactose and Allolactose
What are untranslated regions (UTR)? Give their importance.
Ans: The UTRs are present at both 5′ -end (before start codon) and at 3′ -end (after stop codon). They are required for an efficient translation process.
What are initiator tRNA? How many tRNAs are present in a cell for 20 different amino acids?
Ans: Initiator tRNA is for initiation of the translation process. It always carries methionine amino acid.
There are 20 different tRNAs for 20 different amino acids.
What is the dual nature of codon AUG?
Ans: It codes for the amino acid methionine. This is also known as the initiation codon responsible for the initiation of the translation process.
What is the role of the sigma factor and DNA ligase?
Ans: Sigma factor initiates the process of transcription
DNA ligase is to join adjacent nucleotides.
Name the bacteria used by Fredrik Griffith in his experiment. Also, mention the types of strain he used to prove the nature of genetic material.
Ans: Bacteria- Streptococcus pneumonia
Strain- S strain (virulent) R strain (non-virulent)
The sequence of the coding strand of DNA in a transcription unit is mentioned below
3′ TATAGCATCTATTAGG 5′ Write the sequence of RNA formed on this DNA.
Ans: 3′ UAUAGCAUCTAUUAGG 5′
Three codons on mRNA are not recognized by tRNA during the translation process. Mention these codons? Write the importance of these in protein synthesis.
Ans: Stop codons- UAA, UAG and UGA
Help in termination of the translation process and release of polypeptide into cytoplasm
What is DNA fingerprinting?
Ans: a- DNA fingerprinting is a technique of determining nucleotide sequences of certain areas (VNTRs) of DNA which are different in different individual
What are the steps of DNA fingerprinting?
Ans: b- 1- Isolation of DNA 2- Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases 3- Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis 4- Transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes, such as nitrocellulose or nylon 5- Hybridization using labeled VNTR probe 6- Detection of hybridized DNA fragments by autoradiography
Mention application of DNA fingerprinting?
Ans: c- Paternity disputes can be solved by DNA fingerprinting It is useful in the detection of crime and legal pursuits.